Impact crater

Catharina

The southern member of a conspicuous three-crater group west of Mare Nectaris. Its irregular interior offers a contrast to nearby Theophilus.

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Catharina and surrounding lunar terrain in the LROC Wide Angle Camera mosaic
Catharina · North up, east right. Open image ↗
NASA / GSFC / Arizona State University · LROC WAC mosaic via USGS. Regional map crop; lighting is fixed and does not follow the selected date.
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How to observe Catharina

Observe the whole chain at low power before inspecting the smaller craters interrupting the floor and rim.

Finding the region

Look at 17.98° S, 23.55° E on the lunar disc. The chart marker identifies the catalogue centre. Start with a wide field and use the nearby formations below as landmarks.

Equipment & conditions

Start at low magnification to identify the rim. Move to a moderate power when the air is steady; low sunlight usually makes walls and floor relief easier to distinguish. A bright ray system can be more conspicuous near full Moon.

Lighting

For surface relief, try a time when the Sun is low over this region. To compare surface brightness and any bright rays, return under higher illumination. The atlas calculates the solar elevation at the formation’s centre for any selected date.

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IAU / USGS Gazetteer

Official feature record

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Approved name
Catharina
Feature classification
Crater, craters
Catalogue diameter
98.77 km
Centre latitude
17.98° S
Centre longitude
23.55° E
Name origin (Gazetteer)
St. Catherine of Alexandria; Greek theologian, philosopher (unkn-c. 307).

Selenographic coordinates · East-positive longitude · Catalogue extent · Updated 2026-09-16

Nearby formations

LROC photograph of CyrillusImpact crater

Cyrillus

A worn crater beside Mare Nectaris, partly overlapped by Theophilus. The adjoining rims illustrate how later impacts reshape older terrain.

LROC photograph of TheophilusImpact crater

Theophilus

The northern member of the Theophilus–Cyrillus–Catharina group beside Mare Nectaris. Its prominent central mountains contrast with its older-looking neighbours.

LROC photograph of Mare NectarisSea / bay

Mare Nectaris

The Sea of Nectar is a compact dark plain southeast of the main central maria. The adjoining highlands contain a striking chain of large craters.

LROC photograph of ArzachelImpact crater

Arzachel

The southern crater of a recognisable central chain with Ptolemaeus and Alphonsus. It has a central peak and clearly defined inner walls.